Management Info Systems Class Discussion wk7 Essay

Management Info Systems Class Discussion wk7 - Essay Example The service-oriented application implements the endpoints of a fine-grained web service. It is easier to talk about the various types of web applications based on their use. For example, social networking websites entails; Face book, Xanga. Internet search engines may involve Google, hot mail, and yahoo. Web services facilitate the access to internet resources. Primary services of the internet include e-mail, tenets, and mailing lists (Bidgoli, 2002). Web 2.0 is the constant development of internet expertise and interface. It is a model that center of attention is towards transforming the web into a catalog through social networks and other online resources. Internet2 provides grounds for testing networking setting where learning institutions such as universities and government laboratories team up and build up highly developed Internet technologies such as digital libraries, and essential laboratories (Aharony, 2009). The Internet2 community at present is comprised of more than four million individuals and with more than three hundred member organizations. While the technology is growing, so is the need for better and advanced quicker Internet connections. The manner in which content is presented via the web has also changed drastically over the years. Capabilities to bold and produce wording in diverse colors on a web page ten years ago was something to admire but today database-driven websites, animations, online gaming and streaming, e-commerce and are standards. The primary function of all web applications is to ease the achievement of one or more tasks (Adar, Zhang, Adamic & Lukose, 2004). The two most useful internet services are the e-mail and the mailing lists. They create the grounds for Sharing of information, Research methodology and rare sources and documents, and Findings advice. Emails are useful in that they are cost efficient, increases speed of information transferability

The Need For Safe Nurse Staffing Essay -- Nurse-to-Patient Ratios

In the past two decades, there has been a push for appropriate staff to client ratios. However, measuring client needs and nursing efforts have been around since 1922 (Lewinski-Corwin, 1922, pp. 603-606). The earliest recorded effort was by the New York Academy of Medicine. Superintendents and nurses from ten training schools documented the time spent providing bedside care. From complied information, the researchers revealed each client required an average of five hours and four minutes of care in a 24-hour period. From these observations, they evaluated staffing issues in New York City. At that time, none of the hospitals were sufficiently staffed (Lewinski-Corwin, 1922, pp. 603-606). Still today, nurse staffing is a crucial health policy issue. Since the 1980s, the nursing profession has taken on more prominence in America with a large focus on research studies. In fact, U.S. Public Law 99-158, Health Research Extension Act of 1985, authorized the National Center for Nursing Research (NCNR) at National Institutes of Health (NIH) (Health Research Extension Act of 1985, 1985). With U.S. Public Law 103-43, NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, the NCNR was formally changed to the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) (NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, 1993). The NINR started constructing purposeful research projects, which produced a positive correlation between the number of staff and quality of care. However, the 1996 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report expressed, at that time, no significance between nurse staffing and clients’ outcomes in acute-care hospitals (Institute of Medicine Staff, Davis, Sloan, & Wunderlich, 1996, p. 9). For a while, hospitals were cutting staff, using the IOM report in 1996 as evidence-based rese... ...ww.nejm.org Nelson, R. (2008, March). AJN reports: California’s ratio law, four years later. American Journal of Nursing, 108(3), 25-26. Retrieved from http://www.nursingcenter.com NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, 42 U.S.C. Â § 1511 (1993), http://history.nih.gov. Nursetraveler. (1999). The original bill that put staffing ratios in place! Retrieved September 10, 2011, from http://nursetraveler.org Registered Nurse Safe Staffing Act of 2003, S. 991, 108th Cong. (2003), http://thomas.loc.gov. Sovie, M. D., & Jawad, A. F. (2001, December). Hospital restructuring and its impact on outcomes. nursing staff regulations are premature. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(12), 588-600. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com Tone, B. (n.d.). California nurse-to-patient ratio still undecided, comment period ahead. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from http://www.nursezone.com

Holiday Decision Making Trends Essay

Introduction Consumer/client behavior is the analysis of the intellectual processes and perceived tendencies that are observed during the search, use and sale of an object, service and product. The need to study consumer tendencies and analysis of what is important and necessary for the zenith of the marketing tactic is very much needed. The client decision process is a sequence of stages of practices that a consumer/client undertakes when deciding to buy any object, product, software or service. Any client/consumer who takes a decision follows a five pronged approach to buying any product. This is the conventional decision process that is traditional. It is very important that the market representative study and master the decision process of consumers. There are various steps that are taken for deciding on the product. The marketer needs to be successfully sell the market by understand this process. There are five critical parts of the conventional decision process that are: Recognition of need, searching for information, Searching and testing the alternatives, Buying and Post evaluation of the process. The first stage is the recognition of need. When a client/consumer knows a special requirement that has not been addressed, that requirement will need to be met. There are two separate types of requirement identification system that clients/consumers usually apply. The first type of consumer is the one who decides to purchase a product only when the existing product does not live up to his or her expectations. There are aptly called the actual aspect clients. The second group of clients/consumers is the ones who need product out of want, not necessity. They are known as the desire aspect clients. This desire for them to have a –product actually fuels their decision making process. This type of consumer is very easy to convince during the marketing stage because there is an underlying desire that needs to be satisfied  (Hawkin et. al, 2003, pp. 71-99). Discussion Identification The second stage is the information search stage. In this stage, the client or consumer has seen a product that may possibly suit his or her needs. There are now two search modes that can apply here: the inside search and the outside search (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). An Inside search refers to the process where a consumer/client remembers all the past experiences regarding that need which he or she is trying to address. These past experiences are the foundation on which the decision process will be based. An outside search refers to the case where the client/consumer uses the environment around him or her as a reference point for making the decision. This may be the case where the person does not have sufficient knowledge or experience in the problem that needs to be addressed. Many buying decisions are conducted using a combined inside and outside search option. It is common for a client/consumer to undertake extensive research in those products that are expensive or which provide a very sensitive or high risk service. There will obviously be less research for those products that are more affordable and feasible in the purpose they serve. The searching mechanism for buying cosmetic products would obviously be different compared to buying a house. In the alternatives evaluation stage, the client/consumer has made a small list of the objects or services that cater to his or her specific need. Now the person will take into consideration the alternatives that are available for meeting their needs. The parameters for alternatives usually include brand, cost, quality and durability. These alternatives are compared with the already selected list of products (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). The products that are viable are termed as the Evoked group. The inept group is those set of products which did not effectively address the need of the consumer and was subsequently termed undesirable. The inert group of products is the brands that the consumer is indecisive about. This means that the products in this group may or may not be of particular interest to the client/consumer. Sequelae In the next stage the consumer finally buys the product. He or she does this after isolating the requirement, carrying out a search and trying out the different options. Consumers are usually found to carry out their purchase in three different ways: trail buy, repetitive buying and lifelong commitment buying (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). The trail buying is the purchase which a consumer does in order to test runs the product. The second one is the repetitive purchase which is based on a consumer trusting a particular product and brand and thereby purchases it continuously. Lifelong commitment is the purchase a customer makes in spite of a price hike or perceived reduction in volume, as the consumer is now a lifelong patron of that particular product. The final stage is the post-sale stage where the person has now bought the product and is contemplating whether the product had effectively addressed the needs of the person or not. Where the product meets the requirements of the consumer, there is satisfaction. However in the case that the product does not meet the client’ need, there is internal frustration on the part of the client who is now wondering if the product is the fault or the decision skills of the client. Holiday decisions are based on various factors. After analysis of various households and families, it was clear that Holiday decisions followed a precise rudimentary process that was slightly different from conventional decisions. The first thing that was observed was that administrative needs are of utmost importance. The time, day and period of the holiday is all part of the administrative phase. The next step was that there is no cyclic process in deciding for a holiday (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). The need for a holiday arises not as a matter of fact, but out of personal preferences, situational positions, level of commitment, level of responsibility, familiar commitments and other such parameters. The traditional decision is usually taken in a very routine fashion with a clearly defined sequence. This sequence consists of the recognition, search, evaluate, buy and reevaluate stages. This is what conventional decision making is all about. It follows a logical flow of ideas. The conventional decision is taken only if a need arises. It does not depend on any other factor, However Holidays are decided upon based not on a need but on a preference. This preference can be superficial or preventive in nature. It is not a necessity but a possibility. Therefore holidays spur out from a need to relax and unwind. There is no direct need that has to be  met. The holiday decision making process is always subjective in nature. It cannot be objectified (Hawkin et. al, 2003, pp. 71-99). Moreover, the knowledge search inside holiday judgments is found to be more internal or memory based, as compared to external or even stimulus primarily based. However, every piece of information collected just weren’t always used (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). The holiday choice makers had been also found to be low details searchers. Info accumulated normally in a neo purposive method and they grow to be really important during the last days ahead of a reserving is made. You will find there’s shift observed from internal to outer source of details and from general for you to more certain information completely. Hence in holiday selection, information research information series is not a primary predictor involving actual choices but helps with strongly mentioning the choices of a consumer. Whereas, inside traditional client decision making the knowledge search is mainly internal concentrated (like past experience) for merchandise with safe and products which are less expensive, external (like person reference) with regard to products individuals involve high risk and are high-priced. The higher the consideration of your experience, the more reduced the outside search can be done. Information is considered essential and the info gathered turns into the power in the decision making of a consumer. The kind of transfer from common to specific data hunt just isn’t quite significant in traditional consumer judgments. In traditional consumer making decisions, the search commences as internal and then proceeds to external and then a combination of both (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). It is also observed which unlike holiday decision making, conventional consumer decision making consumers are keen information individuals and conducts a thorough research before deciding on a particular item. And finally, inside traditional customer decision making, details collection powerful points the particular preferences of consumer, and in addition is a vital forecaster of the actual determination that the customer tends to take. When it came to your evaluation associated with alternatives in the event of holiday decision making, the study carried out brought to light which holiday selection was an ongoing circular process that began using the making of your decision (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). Ideally, as one holiday ended, Christmas decision manufacturers involved themselves in making the following plan. It  absolutely was also noticed that the determination makers involved themselves to produce a number of plans at the same time. So does the examination of alternate options. As they continuously keep attaining information they have an inclination to keep changing their preference for choices. And each in the plans the holiday maker made comprised of various time capabilities, different formulas and different varieties of decision making processes (Lars, 1999, pp. 140-157). Another instance in the case highlighted the fact that vacation decision making had been mostly found to be adaptable and opportunistic. In these cases holiday decision producers, though got willingness to venture to a particular place for a holiday, we were holding found to be planning only when the opportunity struck. For this reason, adaptability along with opportunity were found to be both major criteria on what a holiday selection maker is discovered to analyzing and picking out the option of a holiday destination. Furthermore, these techniques were found to get aligned using situation and the type of judgments unit through which they were required. So even though evaluating the alternative, the alternative which is more favorable to evolve and to which there was a new prevailing opportunity was given far more importance than the usual on Elizabeth which wasn’t beneficial and for that there was no opportunity (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). Altogether, it was found that although evaluating options and making decisions, adaptability and the decision making system to which a trip decision manufacturer belonged influenced for you to situations and decision making unit to which they will belong. If this came to examination, preferences ended up more presented to experience dependent techniques as compared to pre-planned ones. Several holiday makers didn’t make use of any effectively defined techniques while producing their selections. Needs and desires have been directly connected to ch oice options because they are evoked at the same time. Finally, they like simple determination rules even though they are not correct. Alongside, tourists decision strategies were seen as factors like constrained amount of control, selective processing, qualitative reasoning, feature based neo compensatory regulations and a don’t have for the analysis of each option (Hawkin et. al, 2003, pp. 71-99). In comparison to this, in the classic consumer making decisions model the individual evaluates goods based on brand names and criteria. Unlike in holiday judgments, in conventional  consumer judgments consumers adhere to a method whereby initially, the evoked set will be generated depending on the list of makes from which that they plan to help make their selection following which in turn criteria will be used to evaluate each and every brand separately. Based on the standing of criteria, a final product choice is made (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). Evaluation of options is not a continuing process and it’s also done only when a particular method is recognized to be catering to a specific need/problem identified. Hence traditional client decision making is not in any manner not adaptable neither opportunistic rather their completely need/desire driven. Also before planned choices were the one that was given a lot more importance if this came to analysis. Strategies are generally clearly produced based on ranking of top features of a particular merchandise of a brand name. In standard consumer decision making, evaluation regarding alternatives is characterized by the information of the brand, info gathered as well as the preference associated with criteria evaluated for each and every brand/product of the evoked set (Robinson, 2008, pp. 22-224). When inspecting the purchase point of the getaway decision making, it absolutely was found that the final decision making was developed by consumers in the last minutes. This was generally done to reduce the risk involved, expectancy, availability, loyalty along with personality. It is also found in the case that the purchase of the holiday decision making is conducted instantaneously based on momentary feelings and inner thoughts. Emotional aspects in fact ended up identified to be a major issue based on that this holiday choices were made. Buying is also completed instantly as the holiday determination makers tend to be consumers whose choices are produced suddenly for sudden satisfaction. This shows the fact that successful choice mode is more related than classic information processing mode throughout Holiday judgments model that will in itself is really a highly experiential product or service. Most of the vacation decision manufacturers tend to be optimistic and idealistic inside the starting nevertheless they become practical only with time and ultimate purchase is manufactured only the final moment. The reason for this craze of move was recognized to be the aim intervention as well as subjective perception of contextual factors (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). Even so contextual factors like occupation, family, and scenario are 1st considered  just before contextual inhibitors like period, money as well as budget. The sense of mental dissonance can be thoroughly noticed in situation of holiday decision making. Due to this experience of mental dissonance that is a post purchase concern it was seen that the informants concerned themselves within gathering details during after the holiday expertise altogether. Your informants in many cases were found to be encountering cognitive dissonance which usually continuously strived to reduce (Lars, 1999, pp. 140-157). Conclusions In the traditional judgments model, type of feel-learn-do is witnessed to be essential whereas the feel-learn-do and feel-do-learn series appear more essential in the holiday decision making. Up against the holiday selection, in traditional consumer making decisions the consumer plans sequentially before making purchasing (Schiffman, 2008, pp. 71-99). They locate a need, carry out information lookup, evaluate your options and make a decision to purchase the chosen merchandise. Unlike in vacation decision making, within traditional customer decision making an effective are seen to be positive, idealistic and sensible right from the need recognition period till this particular stage involving purchase. Furthermore, in case of classic consumer judgments, the article purchase mental dissonance experienced by a person was found to become directly proportional for the risk as well as value associated with the product (Michael, 2004, pp.234-237). Based on the comparative research made it could be evidently described that holiday decision making techniques evidently differs from the traditional customer decision making. From the comfort of the beginning period of will need recognition until the stage regarding post-purchase evaluation phase the differences are evident along with noticeable. Getaway decision making is especially based on opportunities, adaptability and also emotions to some very large magnitude. Unlike conventional consumer making decisions holiday judgments is found to be blend of many procedures (Lars, 1999, pp. 140-157). Hence totally holiday making decisions, is recognized to be a rational process and holiday selection processes and considered to be very important as they may be vital throughout achieving greater order objectives. References Peter Robinson. (2008). Holiday decision making: the family perspective. Available: http://www.insights.org.uk/articleitem.aspx?title=Holiday+Decision+Making:+The+Family+Perspective. pp. 22-24 Michael Richarme. (2004). Consumer Decision Making Models, Strategies and Theories. Available: http://www.decisionanalyst.com/publ_art/decisionmaking.dai. pp. 234-237 Lars Perner PhD . (1999). Consumer Behaviour: Psychology Of Marketing. Available: http://www.consumerpsychologist.com/. pp.140-157 Hawkins, Delbert, Best, Roger, Coney, Kenneth (2003). Consumer Behaviour: Building Marketing Strategy. London: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. pp. 71-99. Leon G.Schiffman, Leslie Lazar Kanuk, Havard Hansen (2008). Consumer Behaviour. England: Pearson Education Limited. pp. 75-91.

Why Should We Care - 1748 Words

Why Should We Care?: Edgar Allan Poe â€Å"Few creatures of the night have captured [reader’s] imagination[s] like [Edgar Allan Poe]† (â€Å"Vampires†). Poe has fascinated the literary world since he first became known for writing in 1829, when he was just twenty years old (Chronology†). While he is widely known for exploring the macabre, his work is controversial because of its psychologically disturbing nature. Edgar Allan Poe is worth examining as an author because his many contributions to the literary world were influenced by specific events in his life, and because he introduced the dark and twisted side of literature to the readers of the day, something that was not looked into much at that time. Poe seemed to use his troubling life experiences to his advantage in his work, like in â€Å"Deep in Earth,† a two-line poem written in 1847. â€Å"Deep in earth my love is lying / And I must weep alone† (Poe 44). Poe’s wife and first cousin, Virginia Clemm Poe, had died earlier that year at the age of 25 from tuberculosis (TB), and it is said that he started to write this poem about her. He never finished it, however, and it is unclear whether he wanted it to be published or even concluded. According to Bio.com, after Virginia died, Poe returned to a state of loneliness and despair, as he was before the two wed twelve years before when she was just thirteen (Edgar Allan Poe - Full Episode). The poem, however straightforward it may be, seems to imply that Poe suffered from depression afterShow MoreRelatedWhy Should We Care?954 Words   |  4 Pagespeople think by using social media to promote the issue whoever it be a picture or a phrase that will unite people a nd help the cause .But why isn t anything being done about this issue? So far it hasn t effected the viewers, but it has effected the lives of those players who sacrifice so much to entertain millions. 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